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Evidence — administrative action — proof of — need for production of actual order, prohibition, permit etc. — omnia praesumuntur rite esse acta — limits of maxim.
Legislation — Emergency Powers (Maintenance of Law and Order) Regulations, 1983 s 11(3)(b).
The e appellant had been convicted of entering or remaining in a protected area without a permit so to do. The only evidence given as to the existence of the protected area was the ipse dixit of the arresting policeman and an area Youth Brigade leader. Held the order declaring the area to be a protected area ought to have been produced; the maxim omnia praesumuntur rite esse acta does not apply e to an essential averment in the charge.
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